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Flow Rate Calculator

Select the method and shape, then enter the required parameters in the designated fields to calculate the volumetric flow rate of fluids using this calculator.

Solve Via:

circular (pipe):

Diameter (d)

cm ▾

Liquid Density

ms ▾

Flow Velocity

kg ▾

Related

Use this flow rate calculator to determine the average volumetric flow of fluids based on flow velocity, pressure difference, volume, and time. With this tool, you can calculate the flow from a garden hose, showerhead, or even estimate how much blood your heart pumps per minute. Let’s explore the concept together!

Flow Rate

"Flow rate is the volume of fluid that passes through a given cross-sectional area per unit time."

The cross-sectional area refers to the surface through which the fluid moves.

Flow Rate Formula

To calculate flow rate:

Q = V / T or Flow rate = Volume / Time

Flow Velocity

Flow velocity is the speed at which fluid particles move at a specific location and time within a flow.

Formula

Q = A × V

Where:

Q = Flow rate (m³/s or L/s)
A = Cross-sectional area (m²)
V = Flow velocity (m/s)

Mass Flow Rate

Mass flow rate represents the mass of fluid passing through a cross-section per unit time.

Formula

Mass flow rate = dm / dt or Mass flow rate = ρ × V × A

Where:

ρ = Fluid density (kg/m³)
V = Flow velocity (m/s)
A = Cross-sectional area (m²)

Pressure Difference

The pressure difference is the force per unit area acting on a fluid. It can be used to calculate flow rate via a water flow calculator.

Steps to calculate differential pressure:

Square the volumetric flow rate.
Square the flow factor.
Divide the squared flow rate by the squared flow factor.
Multiply by the specific gravity of the fluid to find the pressure difference.

Volume & Time

Volumetric flow rate is the volume of fluid passing through a cross-section per unit time. A water flow calculator simplifies determining this value.

Example #01: Volumetric Flow Rate

Water flows through a circular pipe of radius 0.0900 m with a velocity of 4.40 m/s. Find the flow rate in liters per second (L/s).

Solution:

Pipe area: A = 𝜋 r² = 3.14 × (0.0900)² ≈ 0.025434 m²

Flow rate: Q = A × V = 0.025434 × 4.40 ≈ 0.11191 m³/s

Convert to liters per second: Q ≈ 111.91 L/s

Example #02: Mass Flow Rate

Liquid of density 1000 kg/m³ flows through a 7 cm diameter pipe at 10.5 m/s. Find the mass flow rate.

Solution:

Radius: r = 0.07 / 2 = 0.035 m
Area: A = 𝜋 r² = 3.14 × 0.035² ≈ 0.003846 m²
Volumetric flow rate: Q = V × A = 10.5 × 0.003846 ≈ 0.040383 m³/s
Mass flow rate: m = Q × ρ = 0.040383 × 1000 ≈ 40.383 kg/s

How the Flow Rate Calculator Works

Input:

Select the parameter to calculate: flow velocity, pressure difference, volume, or time.
Enter the known values and units.
Click "Calculate".

Output:

Volumetric flow rate
Mass flow rate
Results in multiple units for easy comparison

FAQs

Are flow rate and velocity the same?

No. Flow rate measures volume per unit time, while velocity measures the speed of fluid particles.

What affects flow rate in a pipe?

Viscosity, density, velocity, temperature, and pipe dimensions all influence flow rate.

Why is pressure equal in all directions in a fluid?

Fluid particles move randomly and collide with surfaces, generating pressure equally in all directions.

Factors affecting fluid pressure

Density (ρ)
Depth (h)
Gravity (g)

Does pipe length affect pressure?

Longer pipes increase friction, reducing pressure. Higher flow velocity also increases pressure loss.

Conclusion

Flow rate is crucial for fluid control in industries. Flowmeters (differential pressure, turbine, ultrasonic, magnetic, thermal, vortex) measure flow rate based on fluid velocity. Calculators simplify determining volumetric and mass flow for practical applications.

References

From Wikipedia: Mass flow rate. From Khan Academy: Volume flow rate, incompressibility of liquids.

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