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The stroke volume calculator helps estimate the amount of blood pumped by the heart per beat, providing insights for a more detailed patient assessment based on cardiac output and heart rate.
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The stroke volume calculator measures the amount of blood ejected by the heart in a single beat. This parameter is crucial for evaluating cardiac function and overall cardiovascular health. It is commonly used in anesthesiology to monitor recovery after anesthesia, often as part of the Aldrete score assessment.
Stroke volume is the volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle during each systolic contraction. It is expressed in milliliters per beat (mL/beat) and represents the difference between end-diastolic volume (EDV) and end-systolic volume (ESV). The normal range of stroke volume is typically 50–100 mL per beat. Stroke volume is influenced by factors such as preload, contractility, and afterload.
Stroke volume is calculated by subtracting the left ventricular end-systolic volume from the end-diastolic volume. You can use an online stroke volume calculator or calculate it manually using the formula below:
→ Stroke Volume = End Diastolic Volume - End Systolic Volume
SV = EDV - ESV
Where:
Cardiac output (CO) is another important parameter, calculated as the product of stroke volume (SV) and heart rate (HR):
→ CO = SV x HR
Alternatively, stroke volume can be determined if cardiac output and heart rate are known:
→ SV = CO / HR
| Factors That Increase SV | Factors That Decrease SV |
| Increased venous return | Decreased vascular resistance |
| Increased afterload (moderate vascular resistance) | Electrolyte imbalances (e.g., abnormal sodium or potassium) |
| Sympathetic stimulation | Calcium channel blockers |
| Epinephrine and norepinephrine stimulation | Hypothermia |
| Glucagon | Hypoxia |
| Thyroid hormones | Parasympathetic stimulation |
The typical stroke volume ranges from 60 to 120 mL per beat. Athletes may have stroke volumes as high as 200 mL per beat due to enhanced cardiac efficiency.
If cardiac output is 7 liters per minute and heart rate is 80 beats per minute, stroke volume can be calculated as follows:
Stroke volume = Cardiac output / Heart rate
Stroke volume = 7 / 80
Stroke volume = 0.087 liters
Stroke volume = 87 milliliters per beat
No, cardiac output is the total volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute, whereas cardiac index is the cardiac output normalized to the body surface area, providing a size-adjusted measurement of cardiac performance.
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