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Dilution Calculator

The calculator will help you determine the exact solvent molarity required to prepare a solution with your desired concentration and volume, with detailed calculations shown.

Concentration:

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Mole 1:

mL ▾

Find 2:

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Dilution Calculator – Calculate Solution Concentrations

An online dilution calculator helps you determine the volume of solvent required to achieve a desired solution concentration and total volume. This is especially useful when working with reactive or expensive materials.

What is Dilution of Solutions?

Dilution is the process of reducing the concentration of solutes in a solution by adding more solvent. For example, adding water to a concentrated solution reduces its concentration without changing the amount of solute. This ensures a uniform concentration throughout the solution.

In simple terms, dilution decreases the concentration while keeping the number of solute particles constant. It can also be done by mixing a higher-concentration solution with a lower-concentration solution.

Dilution Equation

The basic dilution formula is:

C₁ × V₁ = C₂ × V₂

Where:

C₁ = initial concentration (molarity) of the stock solution
V₁ = volume of stock solution used
C₂ = final concentration of the diluted solution
V₂ = final total volume of the solution

Alternatively, molarity can be represented as M:

M₁ × V₁ = M₂ × V₂

Units of Concentration

Molarity (M): Amount of substance in moles per liter of solution. 1 M = 1 mol/L.
Mass concentration (ρ): Amount of substance in grams per liter of solution (g/L). Can be calculated as ρ = c × M where M is molar mass.

Dilution of Stock or Standard Solutions

Stock solutions have a known high concentration. When diluting, solvent is added without changing the number of moles of solute. The relation is:

M₁ × V₁ = M₂ × V₂

Example: You have 700 mL of 2.0 M HCl and add water to reach 900 mL. The new molarity is:

M₂ = (2.0 × 700) / 900 = 1.56 M HCl

How to Calculate Dilution?

Example 1:

232 mL of 1.5 M Lithium Chloride (LiCl) solution is diluted to a final volume of 2.0 L. Find the final concentration.

Solution:

Using the dilution formula:

C₁ × V₁ = C₂ × V₂

1.5 × 232 = M₂ × 2000

M₂ = (1.5 × 232) / 2000 = 0.174 M

How the Dilution Calculator Works

Input:

Select whether you are calculating based on molarity or volume.
Enter the known values in the appropriate fields.
Click the “Calculate Dilution” button.

Output:

The calculator provides the unknown volume or concentration based on your inputs.

FAQ

What is the dilution rate?

The dilution rate is the ratio of solute to solvent. For example, a 3:8 dilution means mixing 3 parts solute with 8 parts solvent to make 11 parts total solution.

How is dilution used in daily life?

Dilution is used to reduce concentration, such as adding water to strong coffee, or in chemistry labs when preparing less concentrated solutions.

What is Serial Dilution?

Serial dilution involves diluting a solution stepwise multiple times, using the same dilution factor each step, resulting in an exponential decrease in concentration.

Conclusion

The online dilution calculator simplifies determining the required volume or concentration from a stock solution. It ensures precise preparation of solutions, saving time and reducing errors in chemical experiments.

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