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Speed of Sound Calculator

Speed of sound in water or air can be determined by simply entering the required values in the tool’s designated field.

Speed of Sound in Air

Speed of Sound in Water T:

°C ▾

emperature

Select Unit:

Speed of Sound in Water T:

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Speed of Sound Calculator

The speed of sound calculator helps determine the velocity at which sound waves travel through a specific medium under given temperature conditions. It also shows how temperature changes affect the speed of sound in air or water.

What Is The Speed of Sound?

“The distance traveled by sound waves in a given time interval as they propagate through an elastic medium.”

The speed of sound depends on the temperature and the medium. At 20°C, sound waves travel at approximately 343 m/s (1 km in 2.91 s or 1 mile in 4.69 s).

How To Calculate The Speed of Sound

For a general medium:

v = √(γ · P / ρ)

v = speed of sound
γ = heat capacity ratio of the medium (~1.4 for air)
P = pressure of the medium
ρ = density of the medium

Speed of Sound in Water

Calculated using:

v = √(B / ρ)

B = bulk modulus of elasticity of water
ρ = density of water

At 20°C, speed ≈ 1481 m/s, 5332 km/h, 4859 ft/s, or 3313 mph.

Speed of Sound in Air

For dry air:

v = √(γ · R · T)

γ = heat capacity ratio of air (~1.4)
R = specific gas constant for dry air (~287 J/(kg·K))
T = absolute temperature in Kelvin

At 20°C, speed ≈ 343.14 m/s, 1235.3 km/h, 1125.8 ft/s, or 767.6 mph.

How To Use the Speed of Sound Calculator

Enter the temperature of the air.
Select the medium (air or water) and enter its temperature.
Click "Calculate" to find the speed of sound in the chosen medium.

Additional Information

How Fast Can Sound Travel in mph?

At sea level, sound travels at approximately 760 mph or 1,100 ft/s.

Why Does Sound Travel Faster in Water Than Air?

Sound moves faster in water because water is denser and more elastic than air, allowing sound waves to propagate more quickly. Speed in water ≈ 1,500 m/s vs. air ≈ 340 m/s.

Factors Affecting Speed of Sound

Temperature and pressure
Medium and altitude
Density and humidity
Elasticity and stiffness of the medium
Adiabatic index
Molecular weight of the medium

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