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Wire Size Calculator

Enter the source voltage, allowable voltage drop, and current into the wire size calculator, and the tool will instantly determine the appropriate wire gauge.

Calculate Wire Size

Calculate Wire Diameter

Calculate Wire Gauge

Calculate Wire Size:

Source voltage

mV ▾

Allowable voltage drop (V):

Conductor material:

Current (I)

A ▾

Wire Length

cm ▾

Wire temperature

°C ▾

Wire Gauge:

Related

Wire Size Calculator

This wire size calculator helps you select the correct electrical wire size based on current (amps), voltage, distance, and load. Proper wire selection is critical to minimize voltage drop and ensure safe current carrying capacity.

How to Calculate Wire Size

The cross-sectional area of a wire determines its current-carrying capacity. Larger wire areas reduce resistance and voltage drop. Accurate calculation requires considering wire length, conductivity, operating voltage, and allowable voltage drop.

Formula:

$$ A(m^2) = \dfrac{2 \times \rho(\Omega \cdot m) \times L(m) \times I(A)}{V} $$

Where:

A = cross-sectional area (m²)
ρ = conductor resistivity (Ω·m)
L = wire length (m)
I = current (A)
V = allowable voltage drop (V)

Example Calculation

Consider a single-phase AC/DC circuit with:

Source voltage: 10 V
Allowable voltage drop: 3 V
Current: 10 A
Wire length: 10 m
Conductor: Copper (ρ = 1.7241E-8 Ω·m)

Solution:

$$ A = \dfrac{2 \times 1.7241E-8 \times 10 \times 10}{3} \times 1,000,000 $$

$$ A = 3.4482E-6 \times 1,000,000 $$

$$ A \approx 0.3448 \, m^2 $$

This cross-sectional area ensures the wire safely handles the current and voltage drop. Use a wire size calculator to determine the correct AWG gauge.

Wire Size Chart

This chart lists standard AWG wire sizes, diameters, and cross-sectional areas.

AWG #	Diameter (inch)	Diameter (mm)	Area (kcmil)	Area (mm²)
4/0 (0000)	0.4600	11.684	211.6	107.22
3/0 (000)	0.4096	10.405	167.81	85.03
2/0 (00)	0.3648	9.266	133.08	67.43
1/0 (0)	0.3249	8.252	105.53	53.48
1	0.2893	7.348	83.69	42.41
2	0.2576	6.544	66.37	33.63
3	0.2294	5.827	52.63	26.67
4	0.2043	5.189	41.74	21.15
5	0.1819	4.621	33.10	16.77
6	0.1620	4.115	26.25	13.30
7	0.1443	3.665	20.82	10.55
8	0.1285	3.264	16.51	8.37
9	0.1144	2.906	13.09	6.63
10	0.1019	2.588	10.38	5.26

How the Wire Size Calculator Works

Using the calculator is simple:

Select the wire size option
Enter the source voltage, allowable voltage drop, current, and wire length
Choose the conductor material (e.g., copper or aluminum)
Click “Calculate”

Output: The calculator provides the appropriate wire gauge and cross-sectional area.

FAQs

What is Wire Gauge?

Wire gauge refers to the size and current-carrying capacity of a wire. It is proportional to the wire’s cross-sectional area and is essential for safe electrical installations.

Is it ‘Gauge’ or ‘AWG’?

AWG (American Wire Gauge) is the standard measurement for wire size. It measures only the conductor and not insulation. Wire size calculators use AWG to determine safe and efficient wire selection.

References

From The Spruce: Wire Size, How to Calculate Wire Size. From DFliq: Copper Wires, Electrical Wire Calculations.

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